Obtaining a valid international destination address

ABSTRACT

A valid destination address is determined. An availability request is sent to each destination address from a set of destination addresses. The destination addresses are correlated with a destination party. At least one response to the sent availability requests is received. Each received response is uniquely associated with its own destination address from the destination addresses. Each received response indicates either a valid destination address or an invalid destination address. For each received response, a value associated with the destination address that is associated with that received response is recorded. The value indicates either a valid destination address or an invalid destination address based on the received response associated with that destination address.

CROSS-REFERENCES

The present invention is related to patent applications “Method andApparatus for Assigning and Text-messaging to Multiple Text-CapableDestination Entities with a Virtual Address” (Attorney Docket No.UNMO-003/00US) and “Seamless Selection from at Least Two DestinationEntities for Text Messaging” (Attorney Docket No. UNMO-004/00US), bothof which are incorporated herein by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to electronic text messaging.More specifically, the present invention relates to universal addressrecognition for text-capable communication devices.

With the increasing globalization and convergence of telecommunications,communicating across different communication networks having differentcarriers to different types of communication devices is becomingincreasingly more desirable. For example, several different types ofcommunication devices exist that can receive text messages, such astext-capable wireless phones, personal computers operating various typesof desktop applications and text-capable pagers. Typically, thesedifferent types of text-capable communication devices operate on some ofthe different networks having different carriers (i.e., differentbusiness entities that operate the different physical networks).

Several difficulties exist, however, in conveniently communicating withvaried devices across such varied networks operated by varied carriers.For example, addressing standards do not exist for these differentnetworks with their various carriers. In addition, different types ofnetworks cannot be interconnected without using network gateways. Forexample, a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) network cannotbe connected to a time-division multiple access (TDMA) network without anetwork gateway. The presence of such a network gateway, however,typically requires routing information that cannot be easily obtainedfrom, for example, a telephone number alone.

Moreover, a source party typically does not know much routinginformation beyond the telephone number. For example, to send atext-message to a text-capable mobile phone, many carrier operatorsrequire not only the telephone number for a given destination mobilephone, but also require a carrier identifier and/or network identifierfor that mobile phone. Thus, a source party of a text message typicallyneeds to know the telephone number of the mobile phone, the carrieridentifier and/or network identifier for that phone, and possibly othertypes of information. Such information may not be readily available oreven easily obtainable for a source party.

Thus, a need exists for providing universal recognition of destinationaddresses for a wide variety of text-capable communication devices.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A valid destination address is determined. An availability request issent to each destination address from a set of destination addresses.The destination addresses are correlated with a destination party. Atleast one response to the sent availability requests is received. Eachreceived response is uniquely associated with its own destinationaddress from the destination addresses. Each received response indicateseither a valid destination address or an invalid destination address.For each received response, a value associated with the destinationaddress that is associated with that received response is recorded. Thevalue indicates either a valid destination address or an invaliddestination address based on the received response associated with thatdestination address.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a system block diagram of a communication system,according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 2A through 2E illustrate a process for performing universaladdress recognition, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a database record associating aformatted requested address with potential carriers according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates a process to populate a database correlatingdestination addresses with validity indicators, according to anembodiment of the present invention.

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate an example of portions of a graphical userinterface for performing universal address recognition for text-capablecommunication devices, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As discussed above in the background section, different types ofnetworks and different types of devices cannot be interconnected withoutrouting information (e.g., the carrier identifier and/or networkidentifier) in addition to a telephone number. Typically, a source partytypically does not know or cannot easily obtain such routinginformation. Consequently, at best, multiple carriers potentiallyassociated with, for example, a telephone number can be identified.Without further eliminating at least some of these potentiallyassociated carriers, a message cannot be efficiently and/or effectivelydelivered to a desired destination party.

In certain embodiments of the present invention, an availability requestis sent to each destination address from a set of destination addresses.The destination addresses are correlated with a destination party. Atleast one response to the sent availability requests is received. Eachreceived response is uniquely associated with its own destinationaddress from the destination addresses. Each received response indicateseither a valid destination address or an invalid destination address.For each received response, a value associated with the destinationaddress that is associated with that received response is recorded. Thevalue indicates either a valid destination address or an invaliddestination address based on the received response associated with thatdestination address.

The term “availability request” used herein to mean any type of messageor query that seeks to determine the availability of a particulardestination address. The “destination address” as used herein means theminimum information related to routing a text message to a text-capabledestination entity and includes at least the requested address (e.g., anumeric-based address such a telephone number or alphanumeric addresssuch as an e-mail address) and a carrier identifier. Destinationaddresses are correlated with a destination party in the sense that theyare potentially associated with a destination party; upon furtheranalysis, one or more of these destination addresses may not becorrectly related to the destination party.

In the cases where portion(s) of the destination address provided by asource party is insufficient to determine a specific destination entity,the availability request can be sent to the correlated destinationaddresses (defined, in part, by the various possible carriers). Theresponses received to the availability requests can indicate whetherthat destination address is the address of the intended destinationentity. In other words, the received response(s) indicates whether thatrespective destination address is valid or invalid. The destinationaddresses for which no response is received can be considered aspossibly correct destination addresses.

In one embodiment, once an attempt has been made to eliminate as manyinvalid destination addresses as practical, the received message can bemulticasted to the remaining possible destination addresses. Thisminimizes the unnecessary waste of network resources by attempting toconnect to and/or sending the message to invalid destination addressesthat can be eliminated beforehand.

FIG. 1 illustrates a system block diagram of a communication system,according to an embodiment of the present invention. Communicationnetwork 100 is coupled to service entities 110 and 120, communicationdevice 130, service platform 160 and network gateways 140, 150 and 155.Service platform 160 is also coupled to storage device 170. Networkgateways 140 and 150 are also coupled to carrier communication network180, which is also coupled to destination entity 190. Network gateway155 is also coupled to carrier communication network 185, which is alsocoupled to destination entity 195.

Service entities 110 and 120 can be any type of service provider orcontent provider that provides electronic content over communicationsnetwork 100. For example, the service entity 110 can be a web-basedservice that provides push-based content, such as a newspaper, on aperiodic and automatic basis an electronic text-based version of thenewspaper from the service entity 110 to a previously designateddestination party. In this example, the content from service entity 110is pushed to the destination entity rather than being fetched (orpulled) from the service entity by the destination entity. Said anotherway, the content from service entity is “pushed” to the destinationentity because the service entity provides specific content based on aprevious general request.

Communication network 100 and carrier communication networks 180 and 185can be any type of appropriate networks capable of transmitting voiceand/or data. Communication network 100 and/or carrier communicationnetworks 180 and/or 185 can be, for example, any interconnecting networksuch as an intranet (e.g., a local or wide area network), or an extranet(e.g., the World Wide Web or the Internet). Similarly, communicationnetwork 100 and/or carrier communication networks 180 and/or 185 caninclude various wireless connections as well. For purposes of clarity ofdiscussion, the communication network 100 can be considered in referenceto a source, such as, for example, service entities 110 and 120 and/orcommunication device 130; carrier communication networks 180 and 185 canbe considered in reference to a destination (e.g., destination entities190 or 195) and the carrier serving that destination.

Network gateways 140 and 150 are devices that allow interconnectionbetween communication network 100 and carrier communication network 180.Similarly, network gateway 155 is a device that allows interconnectionbetween communication network 100 and carrier communication network 185.For example, where communication network 100 and carrier communicationnetwork 185 are operated by different carriers, network gateway 155 caninterconnect these networks. In cases where the source party and thedestination party are located in different countries, their respectivenetworks will be operated by different carriers. Consequently, inrouting a session from the source party to the destination party, thesession can be routed through the source network (e.g., communicationnetwork 100) through a network gateway (e.g., network gateway 155) tothe destination network (e.g., carrier communication network 185).

In another example, network gateways 140 and 150 can be used tointerface networks that cannot connect directly for technicalincompatibility. For example, the same given carrier can operatedifferent types of networks such as a time-division multiple access(TDMA) network and a code-division multiple access (CDMA) network. Insuch a case, to route a session from a portion of communication network100 to a portion of the carrier communication network 180 (e.g., havinga TDMA portion and a CDMA portion), the session can be routed throughthe network gateway associated with that type of networkinterconnection. In other words, in such a case, network device 140 canbe, for example, associated with a TDMA portion of carrier communicationnetwork 180 and network device 150 can be, for example, associated witha CDMA portion of carrier communication network 180.

Service platform 160 is a computer hardware and/or software systemcapable of interacting with communication network 100 and capable ofperforming universal address recognition. Messaging service platform 160has the appropriate hardware and/or software to receive the appropriateinformation for a session and to determine the appropriate routinginformation for that session, according to embodiments of the presentinvention. For example, messaging service platform 160 can have hardwareand/or software that performs the method described below in conjunctionwith FIGS. 2 and 3. Storage device 170, which is coupled to serviceplatform 160, can store various databases to be used in conjunction withthe methods performed by service platform 160.

Destination entities 190 and 195 can be any appropriate type ofcommunication devices and/or computer-based applications that aretext-message-capable and push-capable. For example, destination entities190 and 195 can be text-message-capable, push-capable pagers, wirelessphones, handheld wireless devices (e.g., a personal digital assistant(PDA) or handheld personal computer (HPC)) and/or desktop computerapplications. The desktop computer applications can be, for example, atext-messaging application, an instant-messaging desktop application orany other type of text-message-capable, push-capable application that isconnected to a communication network, such as the Internet via acomputer.

FIGS. 2A through 2E illustrate a process for performing universaladdress recognition, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. At step 200, an electronic text message having a requestedaddress associated with a destination party is received. The receivedtext message can be sent from a source party such as, for example, asource party associated with service entities 110 or 120 orcommunication device 130.

At step 210, the requested address of the received text message isformatted. If the requested address is an international telephoneaddress, the requested address is formatted by translating the requestedaddress into an international dialed number. For example, aninternational dialed number having a source party located in the U.S.will typically have an international prefix of “011” leading theremainder of the international dialed number. Thus, the requestedaddress can be formatted by removing this international prefix.

At conditional step 220, a determination is made as to whether theformatted requested address is invalid. The formatted requested addresscan be determined as invalid, for example, where the address is numericis has an insufficient number of digits. Alternatively, the formattedrequested address can be determined as invalid, for example, where theaddress is alphanumeric having an improper e-mail format. If theformatted requested address is invalid then the process proceeds to step230. At step 230, a message is sent to the source party indicating thatthe requested address is invalid. If, however, the formatted requestedaddress is valid then the process proceeds to conditional step 235.

At conditional step 235, a determination is made as to whether theformatted requested address is a number-based address. For example, anumber-based address can include seven or ten digit number associatedwith a telephone, a wireless phone or a wireless device (e.g., a PDA)that is addressable by a telephone number. Alternatively, a number-basedaddress can includes for example, a thirteen digit international numberagain associated with a telephone, a wireless phone or any type ofappropriate wireless device. If the formatted requested address is anumber-based address, the process then proceeds to step 240. If theformatted requested address is not a number-based address, the processproceeds to conditional step 600 shown in FIG. 2E. At step 240, adestination country is determined based on the formatted requestedaddress. For example, when the formatted requested address is aninternational number, the country code can be determined and compared toa list of valid country codes. At step 250, a carrier-prefix type isdetermined based on the destination country and the formatted requestedaddress.

At conditional step 260, a determination is made as to whether theformatted requested address previously has been uniquely identified forthe destination party. Based on a previous analysis (i.e., a previousperformance of the method described in FIGS. 2A through 2E), theformatted requested address possibly may have been previously analyzed.In such a case, the correct destination address (including, for example,the correct carrier identifier 310) has been previously and uniquelyidentified for the destination party. If that is the case, then theprocess proceeds to step 270. If, however, the formatted requestedaddress has not been previously and uniquely identified for thedestination party, then the process proceeds to conditional step 300shown in FIG. 2B.

At step 270, the destination address is determined based on theformatted requested address. The destination address can include, forexample, the formatted requested address, the carrier identifier, thenetwork identifier and the gateway identifier. The proper destinationaddress allows the message to be effectively sent to a destinationentity associated with the destination party. A look-up table can beused to obtain the appropriate routing information such as, for example,the carrier identifier, the network identifier and the gatewayidentifier, that are collectively referred to herein as part of adestination address. An example of a record from such a look-up table isillustrated in FIG. 3. At step 275, the received text message is sent tothe destination address via the previously identified carrier.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a database record associating aformatted requested address with various routing information (e.g.,carrier identifier, etc.). In this example of FIG. 3, database record301 includes destination address 300. Destination address 300 includesformatted requested address 310, carrier identifier 320, networkidentifier 330, gateway identifier 340 and device identifier 350.Database record 301 can also contain destination country 360, validityidentifier 370 and device capabilities 380. As the example in FIG. 3illustrates, a particular formatted requested address (e.g., telephonenumber 408-555-1212) can be associated with multiple potential carriers(e.g., Sprint PCS Wireless Network, Sprint Network and MCI Network).Each of these multiple carriers that are correlated with a formattedrequested address has several parameters that can be part of the routinginformation used to successfully route a message to the requesteddestination entity. For example, a given carrier can have a carrieridentifier 320, network identifier 330 and gateway identifier 340. Theparticular destination entity can also have an identifier that isindependent of the particular carrier identifier that correctly isassociated with the destination party. Device identifier 350 caninclude, for example, a personal identification number (PIN) or passwordthat may be required by a destination network. Database record 301 alsoincludes an indication of destination country 360 for the associatedcarrier and a validity indicator 370 associated with the carrier. As acarrier is correlated with a destination address as identified as beingappropriately associated with that destination address, the validityindicator 370 for that particular carrier can be indicated as beingeither invalid or valid. Finally, device capabilities 380 provideinformation relating to the user interface available for the particulardevice as identified by device identifier 350.

Returning to the process discussed in reference to FIG. 2, atconditional step 300 shown in FIG. 2B, a determination is made as towhether the carrier prefix associated with the formatted requestedaddress is unique to a single carrier. Generally speaking, number-basedaddresses can be characterized in one of three ways: (1) a singlecarrier type; (2) an embedded carrier type; and (3) a number-portabilitytype. In the case where the carrier prefix type is unique to a singlecarrier, the carrier associated with that carrier prefix type can beuniquely identified based on a predetermined correlation alone. Saidanother way, when the carrier prefix is unique to a single carrier, arepeated identification of the correct carrier from a multiplicity ofcarriers is unnecessary. Note that the term carrier prefix used morebroadly than just the three-digit prefix; in certain cases, it may benecessary to consider more digits than just the traditional three digitsof the carrier prefix to successfully characterized a number-basedaddress. If the carrier type is unique to a single carrier then theprocess proceeds to step 310. If, however, the carrier-prefix type isnot unique to a single carrier, the process then proceeds to step 400shown in FIG. 2C.

At step 310, a network identifier is determined based on the formattedrequested address. The network identifier (e.g., network identifier 340)is determined, for example, by the look-up table of FIG. 3 based on theformatted requested address.

At conditional step 320, a determination is made as to whether thereceived message is an authorization message. An authorization messageis a message sent from a service platform (e.g., service platform 160)to a destination party inviting the destination part to reply to themessage, thereby self authenticating the appropriate routing informationneeded for future routing to that particular destination party. If thereceived message is an authorization message then the process proceedsto step 500 shown in FIG. 2D. If the received message is not anauthorization message then the process proceeds to conditional step 330.

At conditional step 330, a determination is made as to whether thedestination network supports querying the destination party at thedestination entity. If the destination network does support querying,then the process proceeds to step 340. At step 340, the availability ofthe destination party is queried and an availability status isdetermined based on the query response.

At conditional step 350, a determination is made as to whether thedestination network is reliable. If the destination network is reliablethen the process proceeds to step 360. At step 360, the receivedelectronic message is sent to the destination entity. If, however, thedestination network is not reliable then the process proceeds to step370. At step 370, a confirmation message is sent to an alternativedestination entity associated with the destination party. For example,the confirmation message may indicate that the message is to be sent tothe originally requested destination entity and if it was notappropriately received at the originally requested destination entity,then the destination party can seek a retransmission. Alternatively, theconfirmation message may be merely a duplicate of the message sent tothe originally requested destination entity. Thus, if the destinationparty is unable to read the message at the originally requesteddestination entity, then the destination party can read the message atthe alternate destination entity.

At conditional step 400 shown in FIG. 2C, a determination is made as towhether the carrier can be determined partially or completely based onthe formatted requested address. If the carrier can be determined thenthe process proceeds to conditional step 410. If the carrier cannot bedetermined from the formatted requested address then the processproceeds to step 405.

At step 405, a message includes a list of possible carriers from whichthe source party can select the carrier that is associated with thedestination party is sent to the source party. The list of possiblecarriers associated with the destination party can be obtained from thedatabase record 301 based on the formatted requested address. At step407, a selection message is received from the source party. Theselection message indicates a carrier (from the list of possiblecarriers) that the source party indicated is associated with thedestination party.

At conditional step 410, a determination is made as to whether thegeographic area associated with the formatted request address supports anumber-portability scheme. If the geographic area associated with theformatted requested address does support a number-portability schemethen the process proceeds to conditional step 490. If anumber-portability scheme is supported in the geographic area, then aparticular destination address that possibly was associated with aspecific carrier in the past may no longer be associated with that samecarrier. Rather, that particular destination address may be associatedwith a different carrier. Consequently, the actual present carrier canbe determined by multicasting the message to each carrier operating inan geographic area associated with the formatted requested address (themulticasting step is described below). If the geographic area associatedwith the formatted requested address does not support anumber-portability scheme then the process proceeds to conditional step420 as shown in FIG. 2B.

At conditional step 420, a determination is made as to whether any ofthe possible carriers support querying of the destination entityavailability. If none of the possible carriers support querying of thedestination entity availability, the process proceeds to conditionalstep 490. If, however, at least one of the possible carriers associatedwith the destination address supports querying the availability of thedestination entity, then the process proceeds to steps 430 through 480for each carrier that supports querying.

At step 430, the availability status of a potential destination entityfor a given carrier is queried. In other words, at this point, multiplecarriers have been identified as being potentially associated with aparticular destination address; of these multiple carriers, only onecarrier is the actual carrier that will correctly deliver the receivedmessage to the destination party at the associated destination entity.Consequently, by querying each of these potential carriers, the carrierthat is correctly associated with the destination party may beidentified, or at least one or more carriers that are not associatedwith the correct destination entity can be determined.

At conditional step 440, a determination is made as to whether aresponse to the query is received for the carrier under consideration.If a response is received then the process proceeds to condition step450. If, however, a response is not received for that carrier then theprocess proceeds at step 480. At step 480, the carrier is maintained asbeing potentially associated with that formatted requested address. Notethat the association of a potential carrier with a formatted requestedaddress can be maintained in a database for example stored on storagedevice 170. FIG. 3 illustrates an example of such a database.

At conditional step 450, a determination is made as to whether the queryresponse is positive or not. If the received query response is notpositive then the process proceeds to step 460. At step 460, the carriercorrelated with that formatted requested address is invalid and a valueof its associated validity indicator 370 is updated as invalid. If,however, the received query response is positive then the processproceeds to step 470. At step 470, the carrier correlated with thatformatted requested address is valid and a value of its associatedvalidity indicator 370 is updated as valid.

At conditional step 490, a determination is made as to whether thereceived message is an authorization message. If the received message isan authorization message then the process proceeds to step 500 as shownin FIG. 2D. If, however, the received message is not an authorizationmessage then the process proceeds to step 495.

If a specific carrier has not been uniquely identified with theformatted requested address (or all but one carrier has been eliminatedas being invalid) then at this point in the process multiple carriersstill could potentially be correctly associated with the formattedrequested address. Consequently the received message needs to bemulticasted to each of the potentially correct carriers as described inconjunction with step 495.

For each remaining carrier having either a valid validity indicator 370or a undetermined validity also as indicated by validity indicator 370steps 500 and 510 are performed. Generally speaking, steps 500 through530 describe the self-authorization process typically performed when thereceived message is an authorization message.

At step 500, a distinct authorization code for a given carrier andassociated with the formatted requested address is generated. At step510, a message having the authorization code is sent to the potentialdestination entity associated with that carrier. The authorization codecan be, for example, a randomly generated alphanumeric code uniquelyassigned to a given carrier and indicative of the time at which the codewas generated. Thus, receiving a reply message including theauthorization code will indicate the correct carrier and generation ofthe authorization code. Steps 500 and 510 are repeated for each carrierassociated with a formatted requested address that is known not to beinvalid (i.e., valid or having an unknown validity). Steps 500 and 510can be performed in the case where self authentication is beingperformed for a single carrier (i.e., where there is only onepotentially valid carrier associated with the formatted requestedaddress). Alternatively, steps 500 and 510 can be performed multipletimes, once for each carrier in the case where multiple carriers couldbe potentially valid for a given associated formatted requested address.

At step 520, a reply message is received from the destination party. Thereply message can include the authorization code. For example, in oneembodiment, the message sent in step 510 can include an explicitidentification of the authorization code and can request that thedestination party respond with a reply including this authorizationcode. In such a case, the reply message will explicitly have theauthorization code included in the message. Note that in the case wheremultiple messages were sent out in step 510 (each message beingassociated with a potentially correct carrier), typically only a singlereply message will be received. This is because, generally speaking, ofthe multiple potential carriers correlated with a formatted requestedaddress, only one will be correctly associated with a destination entityof the destination party. The remaining carriers are not correctlyassociated with the destination party and, as such, typically would notgenerate a reply to the messages sent out in steps 510.

At step 530, the validity indicators 370 associated with formattedrequested address are updated based on the received reply message. Thus,validity indicators 370 associated with the various carrier identifiers320, network identifiers 330 and gateway identifiers 340 are marked aseither valid or invalid. For example, for the formatted requestedaddress of 401-555-1212, the first address in database record 301, thefirst two carrier identifier/network identifier/gateway identifiercombinations are initially recorded as having an unknown validityindicator 370. Depending upon the reply message received in step 520,presumably one of these carrier identifier/network identifier/gatewayidentifier combinations can be validated and its associated validityindicator 370 value changed from unknown to valid.

FIG. 2E illustrates a portion of the process relating tonon-number-based destination addresses. At conditional 600, adetermination is made as to whether the received message is anauthorization message. As described above, an authorization message is amessage sent from a service platform (e.g., service platform 160) to adestination party inviting the destination part to reply to the message,thereby self authenticating the appropriate routing information neededfor future routing to that particular destination party. If the receivedmessage is an authorization message then the process proceeds to step607. If the received message is not an authorization message then theprocess proceeds to conditional step 603.

At conditional step 603, a determination is made as to whether theformatted requested address previously has been uniquely identified forthe destination party. If the formatted requested address has beenpreviously identified for the destination party then the processproceeds to step 605. At step 605, the message is sent to the previouslyidentified destination address. If the destination address, however, hasnot been previously and uniquely identified for the destination partythen the process proceeds to step 607.

At step 607, the domain name of the formatted requested address islooked up in a database (not shown) of e-mail providers. At conditionalstep 610, a determination is made as to whether the domain name isassociated with a known wireless provider. If the domain name isassociated with a known wireless provider then the process proceeds tostep 660. If the domain name, however, is not associated with a knownwireless provider then the process proceeds to conditional step 620.

At conditional step 620, a determination is made as to whether thedomain name is associated with a known non-wireless provider. If thedomain name is associated with a known non-wireless provider then theprocess proceeds to step 630. At step 630, the received e-mail messageis sent to the destination entity associated with that domain name. Ifthe domain name is not associated with a known wireless provider thenthe process proceeds to step 640. At step 640, the device type isdetermined.

At conditional step 650, a determination is made as to whether thedestination entity is a wireless device based upon the device typedetermined in step 640. If the device type is not a wireless device thenthe process proceeds to step 630. If the device type is a wirelessdevice then the process proceeds to step 660.

At step 660, the formatted requested address is translated to a carrieridentifier and a mobile telephone number (not shown in database record301 of FIG. 3). The process then proceeds to conditional step 300 shownin FIG. 2B.

FIGS. 5 and 6 illustrate an example of portions of a graphical userinterface for performing universal address recognition for text-capablecommunication devices, according to an embodiment of the presentinvention. As the example of the GUI portion shown in FIG. 5illustrates, a source party can select a destination country and adestination mobile phone number of a desired destination party. Uponentering this information, the recognition of the appropriatedestination address can be performed by a process, for example, similarto that discussed above in reference to FIGS. 2A through 2E. As theexample of GUI portion shown in FIG. 6 illustrates, the source party canbe notified of the successful address recognition (e.g., mobile phonenumber 408-858-0559 corresponds to Cellular One SF). Although not shownto the source party through the GUI, the network/carrier/gatewayidentifiers can be determined based on the formatted requested address(in this case, the mobile phone number input through the GUI). In otherwords, the implementation and the results of the recognition process canbe transparent to the source party.

At this point the example of FIGS. 5 and 6, the source party can thenmake a “compose” selection to view another GUI portion where the sourceparty can provide the text portion of the text message. Once the textportion of the text message is completed, the text message can be routedto the proper destination entity associated with the destination party.

FIG. 4 illustrates a process to populate a database correlatingdestination addresses with validity indicators, according to anembodiment of the present invention. At step 700, records havingprefixes each associated with an operating company and a network typeare received. The records of the operating company and network type canbe obtained, for example, from public records relating to the initialsale of the electromagnetic spectrum relating to these networks. In sucha case, the operating companies that initially purchased the associatedspectrum license may be merely holding or investment companies thatsubsequently transferred the licenses to telephone companies. This casewill be addressed below. Note these records potentially contain a verylarge collection of information because a substantial number of networksand carriers exist. For example, worldwide there are over 370 wirelesscarriers most of which operate multiple networks.

At step 710, a public carrier map is used to map (or translate) theoperating company and the network type to the current carrier identifierand the current network identifier, respectively, for each prefix withinthe database. Such a public carrier map can implicitly indicate thetransfer of ownership from the initial purchasing operating company tothe current company operating the network. This step can successfullyupdate approximately 60% of the prefixes within the database for whichsufficient information exists within public carrier maps. Such publiccarrier maps are available, for example, through the appropriategovernment entities that maintain these types of records.

These records can be used, for example, to build a database havingrecords like the example shown in FIG. 3. The originally assignedoperating company and network type can be populated into the carrieridentifier and the network identifier, respectively, for the variousprefixes associated with the communication networks of interest.

At step 720, each prefix in the database for which an entry did notexist within the public carrier map has its associated current carrieridentifier and current network identifier dynamically updated asspecific requested addresses are updated according to the processdescribed above in reference to FIGS. 2A through 2E and 3. Thus, as anincreasing number of requested addresses are processed according to theprocess described above, the database can be updated increasingly toreflect an increasing number of valid carriers (i.e., and its associatedrouting information).

Although the present invention has been described in reference tocertain embodiments and processes, other embodiments and processes arepossible. For example, although an embodiment of the present inventionhave been described in reference to a client-server configuration wherea service platform provides the universal address recognition featuresfrom a centralized location within a communication network, embodimentsof the present invention can allow for the functionality of the serviceplatform to reside at the client side. In such a configuration, acommunication device (e.g., communication device 130) or a serviceentity (e.g., service entities 110 or 120) from which a message is to besent can include the functionality locally so that a universal addresscan be recognized before the message is sent. Such a configuration canbe characterized, for example, as a client-client configuration.

While the process of universal address recognition has been described inreference to particular steps, alternative embodiments of the processcan perform similar functionality in different order or even partially(e.g., without performing the self-authorization process).

1-32. (canceled)
 33. A method for obtaining a valid international destination address, comprising: determining a carrier type based on a requested address associated with a destination party; determining, when the determined carrier type is a single-match carrier type, a destination address associated with the destination party and being a valid destination address; and validating, when the determined carrier type is a multiple-match carrier type, a plurality of candidate destination addresses associated with the destination party.
 34. The method of claim 33, further comprising: determining a destination country associated with the requested address; and verifying that the requested address is not an invalid address based on at least a portion of the requested address and based on at least one predetermined invalid address associated with the determined destination country.
 35. The method of claim 33, wherein the multiple-match carrier type includes at least one from the group of an embedded-carrier-information destination address and portable destination address.
 36. The method of claim 33, wherein said validating includes: sending an availability request to each candidate destination address from a plurality of candidate destination addresses, the plurality of candidate destination addresses being correlated with a destination party; receiving at least one response to the sent availability requests, each received response being uniquely associated with its own candidate destination address from the plurality of candidate destination addresses, each received response indicating one from the group of a valid destination address and an invalid destination address; and recording, for each received response, a value associated with the candidate destination address associated with that received response, the value indicating one from the group of a valid destination address and an invalid destination address based on the received response associated with that candidate destination address.
 37. The method of claim 33, further comprising: sending a text message to each destination address from the plurality of destination addresses for which no response was received.
 38. The method of claim 33, wherein: sending a text message to the destination address from the plurality of destination addresses that has an associated value of a valid destination.
 39. The method of claim 33, wherein: each candidate destination address from the plurality of candidate destination addresses having at least a carrier identifier, a network identifier, a device identifier and a gateway identifier.
 40. The method of claim 33, wherein said validating includes: generating a plurality of codes each being uniquely associated with each destination address from the plurality of destination addresses; sending a message to each destination address from the plurality of destination addresses, each message being uniquely associated with a destination address from the plurality of destination addresses and including a code from the plurality of codes associated with that destination address; receiving a self-authentication message from a destination address from the plurality of destination addresses, the self-authentication message having a code value; and validating a destination address from the plurality of destination addresses based on the code value of the self-authentication message corresponding to a code from the plurality of codes.
 41. A computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions when executed by a computer cause the computer to: determine a carrier type based on a requested address associated with a destination party; determine, when the determined carrier type is a single-match carrier type, a destination address associated with the destination party and being a valid destination address; and validate, when the determined carrier type is a multiple-match carrier type, a plurality of candidate destination addresses associated with the destination party.
 42. The computer-readable medium of claim 41, having additional instructions stored thereon, the additional instructions when executed by a computer cause the computer to: determine a destination country associated with the requested address; and verify that the requested address is not an invalid address based on at least a portion of the requested address and based on at least one predetermined invalid address associated with the determined destination country.
 43. The computer-readable medium of claim 31, wherein the multiple-match carrier type includes at least one from the group of an embedded-carrier-information destination address and portable destination address. 44-54. (canceled) 